There is no universally agreed definition of artificial intelligence (AI), but broadly speaking, it relates to systems designed and trained with the ability to learn, solve problems, make predictions, take decisions and perform tasks that are considered to require a level of intelligence comparable to that of a human.
AI can be used in both the civilian and military domains. Military and security applications of AI are broad and far-reaching, including for weapon-related functions. Applications range from decision support systems for military operations to systems that support maritime security through counter-piracy efforts, counter-terrorism operations, and border security.
While the General Assembly has adopted multiple resolutions related to the peaceful uses of AI, it only began considering the subject of AI in the military domain at its seventy-ninth session 2024. Previously, such discussions had taken place in several plurilateral groups outside the UN.
Artificial intelligence in the military domain in the General Assembly
On 24 December 2024, on the recommendation of the First Committee, the General Assembly adopted resolution 79/239 entitled “Artificial intelligence in the military domain and its implications for international peace and security” – its first-ever resolution on this topic.
In the resolution, the General Assembly, inter alia, affirms the applicability of international law throughout all stages of the lifecycle of AI and encourages States to address the opportunities and challenges related to AI in the military domain. It also resolves to bridge divides between countries with regard to responsible AI in the military domain.
Pursuant to a mandate contained in the resolution, the Secretary-General submitted a substantive report (A/80/78) on the opportunities and challenges posed to international peace and security by the application of AI in the military domain, with specific focus on areas other than lethal autonomous weapons systems. The report contains an annex with the views of Member States upon which the report was based, as well as the views of international and regional organizations, the International Committee of the red Cross, civil society, the scientific community and industry. All submissions, including those received after the deadline, are also available in the Documents Library.
AI and autonomy are also discussed in the annual report of the Secretary-General on current developments in science and technology and their potential impact on international security and disarmament efforts