Gender in Disarmament Resolutions and Treaties

Disarmament and arms control treaties addressing gender

Three multilateral arms control treaties that have been signed since 1945 have gender provisions:

The Arms Trade Treaty (2013)

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (2017)

The Convention on Cluster Munitions (2018)


General Assembly First Committee resolutions addressing gender

General Assembly (GA) resolution 65/69 (2010) and subsequent resolutions on Women, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control recognize the need to facilitate and increase the participation of women in disarmament and promote equal opportunities in decision-making. These resolutions also encourage better understanding of the gendered impact of armed conflict.

The number of other GA First Committee resolutions on disarmament that incorporate gender references has increased from three resolutions in 2010 to nineteen resolutions adopted in 2021 that included language on women or gender covering numerous areas including nuclear weapons, biological weapons, cluster munitions, ammunition stockpiles, small arms and light weapons (SALW), regional disarmament, and youth.

Some resolutions address substantive gender perspectives such as the differentiated impact of weapons or gender analysis of the issues addressed by the resolution. More common is that the resolution refer to the equal participation of women and men in decision-making or other processes.

Women, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control
The resolution, first adopted in 2010 and latest in 2020, is dedicated to the equal participation of women and men in disarmament, and to address gender perspectives in arms control. The resolution encourages funding for policies and programmes that take account of the differing impacts of illicit small arms and light weapons on women, men, girls and boys, and (ii) reaffirms the equal, full and effective participation of both women and men as an essential factor for sustainable peace and security, and urges equal opportunities for the representation of women in all disarmament decision-making processes

Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Emphasizes the importance of considering the perspectives of women, men, boys and girls and (ii) underlines the full and equal participation of women in decision-making and implementation of the Convention

Ethical imperatives for a nuclear-weapon-free world
Declares that greater attention must be given to the impact of a nuclear weapons on women and (ii) the importance of women’s participation in discussions , decisions and actions on nuclear weapons.

Implementation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions
Recognizes the importance of gender- and age-sensitive assistance to victims of cluster munitions and (ii) recognizing the importance of full involvement and equal opportunities for the meaningful participation of women and men in disarmament processes, policy and programming decisions

Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours
Recognizes the need to assess the possible differentiated impacts of space threats and (ii) the importance of the full involvement and equal participation of women and men in discussions on reducing such threats through responsible behaviours.

Regional confidence-building measures: activities of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa
Urges to strengthen the gender component of the Committee meetings on disarmament and international security in accordance with Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women, peace and security, and (ii) to increase the representation of women in delegations participating in the statutory meetings of the Committee ,  in line with the Sao Tome Declaration on the Participation of Women in the Statutory Meetings of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (2016). The resolution also recognize the increased focus on human security questions, such as trafficking in persons, including women, and urges  international community to support the efforts undertaken by the States concerned to implement and urges the States concerned to ensure that disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes take into consideration the needs of women associated with former combatants.

The illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects
Reaffirms the need to mainstream gender dimensions in implementation of the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument, and (ii) recognizes the need for strengthened participation of women in decision-making and implementation processes.

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa
Calls for the Centre to provide adequate assistance to African Member States on applying a human security perspective on arms control and disarmament and the women and peace and security agenda, and (ii) welcomes efforts by the Regional Centre to promote the role and representation of women in disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control activities.

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific
Welcomes the work by the Centre on eliminating violence against all women and girls, and (ii)  ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. The resolutions also notes the Centre’s capacity-building on gun violence and illicit small arms trafficking from a gender perspective,

Countering the threat posed by improvised explosive devices
Underlines the importance of addressing the differential impacts of improvised explosive devices and on women, girls, boys and men, and increase  prevention and support efforts by States, the United Nations system and other organizations/institutions for these considerations, and (ii) recognizes the full involvement and equal opportunities for participation for both women and men in countering the threat posed by improvised explosive devices.

Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures
Welcomes training programmes by UN-mandated peacekeeping missions to implement weapons management strategy that would contribute to  achieve the goals set out in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security, and (ii) Emphasizes  the meaningful participation of women in disarmament, including mine action and the control of small arms and light weapons, and recalles the valuable contribution of women to practical disarmament measures in the prevention and reduction of armed violence and armed conflict, and in promoting disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control, in line with the resolution on women. 

Steps to building a common roadmap towards a world without nuclear weapons reaffirms the importance of ensuring the equal, full, and effective leadership of women and men and of integrating a gender perspective into all aspects of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation decision-making processes.

Programme of action to advance responsible state behaviour in the use of information and communications technologies underlines the importance of narrowing the “gender digital divide” and promoting the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of women in decision-making processes related to the use of information and communications technologies.

Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction
Stresses the need to take into account gender aspects in mine action.

Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments
Notes the strongly disproportionate and gendered impact of exposure to ionizing radiation for women and girls.

Compliance with non-proliferation, arms limitation and disarmament agreements and commitments
Calls on States to include and empower women as full, equal and meaningful participants in the design and implementation of disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control efforts, including through capacity-building efforts.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction
Encourages the equitable participation of women and men in the framework of the Convention.

Conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels
Recognizes the importance of equitable representation of women in arms control discussions and negotiations.

Joint courses of action and future-oriented dialogue towards a world without nuclear weapon
Reaffirms the equal, full and effective participation of both women and men ad an essential factors for sustainable peace and security. The resolution notes that efforts are needed to encompass different genders, generations and areas of the world in disarmament and non-proliferation education.

Problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus
Recognizes the need to encourage the full involvement of both women and men in ammunition management practice and policy.

Treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices
Reaffirms the need to ensure the equal, full and meaningful participation of women in the negotiation process of a future treaty.

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean
Welcomes activities by the Centre to promote the equitable representation of women in all decision-making processes in disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control, in line with the resolution on women.

Youth, disarmament and non-proliferation
Recalls that the equal, full and effective participation of both women and men is one of the essential factors for the promotion and attainment of sustainable peace and security, in line with the resolution on women.

United Nations disarmament fellowship, training and advisory services
Recognizes the need to take into account gender equality when nominating candidates to the programme.

Nuclear disarmament verification
Requests that the group of governmental experts on nuclear disarmament verification is chosen on the basis of equitable representation of women and men, and equitable geographical representation.

United action with renewed determination towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons
Recognizes the importance of ensuring the equitable representation and participation of both women and men in disarmament discussions to enable a truly comprehensive approach to nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament.

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Notes the contribution of diverse and inclusive participation in building and sustaining momentum for the universalization and entry into force of the Treaty, including through the Youth Group of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization

General Assembly resolution “Women, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control”

A/RES77/55 (2022)

A/RES/75/48 (2020)

A/RES/73/46 (2018)

A/RES/72/46 (2017)

A/RES/71/56 (2016)

A/RES/69/61 (2014)

A/RES/68/33 (2013)

A/RES/67/48 (2012)

A/RES/65/69 (2010)

Secretary-General’s reports on “Women, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control”

A/75/133 (2020)

A/73/115 (2018)

A/71/137 (2016)

A/69/114 (2014)

A/68/166 (2013)